Simile

    B. Simile

A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words “like” or “as”. Therefore, it is a direct comparison. We can find simile examples in our daily speech. 

Common Examples of Simile
·  He is as funny as a monkey.
·  The water well was as dry as a bone.
·  He is as cunning as a fox.

Simile Examples in Literature
Taken from the poem the Daffodils.
“I wandered lonely as a cloud
that floats on high o’er vales and hills.”
The poet envisions himself as a free lone cloud that floats in a blue sky above valleys and the mountains. By choosing this simile, Wordsworth describes his loneliness.

Function of Simile
From the above discussion, we can infer the function of similes both in our everyday life as well as in literature. Using similes attracts the attention and appeals directly to the senses of listeners or readers encouraging their imagination to comprehend what is being communicated. In addition, it inspires life-like quality in our daily talks and in the characters of fiction or poetry. Simile allows readers to relate the feelings of a writer or a poet to their personal experiences.
Referensi:
http://literarydevices.net/simile/

Metaphor

   A. Metaphor

Metaphor is a figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated but share some common characteristics. 
Common Speech Examples of Metaphors

• My brother was boiling mad. (This implies he was too angry.)
• The assignment was a breeze. (This implies that the assignment was not difficult.)

Literary Metaphor Examples
“She is all states, and all princes, I.”
John Donne, a metaphysical poet, was well-known for his abundant use of metaphors throughout his poetical works. In his well-known work “The Sun Rising,” the speaker scolds the sun for waking him and his beloved. Among the most evocative metaphors in literature, he explains “she is all states, and all princes, I.” This line demonstrates the speaker’s belief that he and his beloved are richer than all states, kingdoms, and rulers in the entire world because of the love that they share.

Functions
From the above arguments, explanations and examples, we can easily infer the function of metaphors; both in our daily lives and in a piece of literature. Using appropriate metaphors appeals directly to the senses of listeners or readers, sharpening their imaginations to comprehend what is being communicated to them. Moreover, it gives a life-like quality to our conversations and to the characters of the fiction or poetry.
References
http://literarydevices.net/metaphor/

Zero Allomorph

What is Zero Allomorph?

Zero Allomorph is the term given to the unit involved when a morpheme changes status from one type of morpheme to another without any addition or subtraction of any of its parts.Zero Allomorph is spokenof,therefore of,in a situation where there is no overt change in the item.it is indicated by the sign {ø}.

Example

 Sheep(singular)’      sheep(plural)

Sheep(singular)+ ø’   sheep(plural)

Masculine	Additional morpheme	Feminine
Prince	+ess	Princess
Rooster	Lexical change	Hen
Doctor	+ ø(zero allomorph)	Doctor

References

A linguistic Primer for Malaysians

Allomorph

What is an allomorph?

An allomorph is one of two or more complementary morphs which manifest a morpheme in its different phonological or morphological environments.

Morpheme in english which indicatesplurality or third person singular present tense has three allomorps:

Example

         Cat(s)   / kaets/               dog(s)/dogz/                horses(s) /ho:sez/

        Like(s) /laiks/                   rubs/rᴧbz/                    hiss(es) /hisez/

English has several morphemes that vary in sound but not in meaning. Examples include the past tense and the plural morphemes.

For example, in English, a past tense morpheme is -ed. It occurs in several allomorphs depending on its phonological environment, assimilating voicing of the previous segment or inserting a schwa when following an alveolar stop:

• as /əd/ or /ɪd/ in verbs whose stem ends with the alveolar stops /t/ or /d/, such as 'hunted' /hʌntɪd/ or 'banded' /bændɪd/
• as /t/ in verbs whose stem ends with voiceless phonemes other than /t/, such as 'fished' /fɪʃt/
• as /d/ in verbs whose stem ends with voiced phonemes other than /d/, such as 'buzzed' /bʌzd/

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allomorph

http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAllomorph.htm